Patients who report no past 12 months opioid use are currently at minimal risk for adverse outcomes associated with opioid use.
Note: Those who report opioid use in previous years but have not used in the past 12 months are at risk for relapse.
The suggested action for this risk level is to deliver a prevention message to continue abstinence.
- For those who have never used opioids, reinforce abstinence.
- For those who report opioid use in the previous years, give positive reinforcement to maintain abstinence for overall health benefits.
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Personalize the prevention message as much as possible.
- For example, support recent abstinence, identify the impact of opioid use on medical conditions, depression as a risk for relapse to opioid use, etc.